- Comb building
- Hive cleaning
- Undertakers
- Brood, queen and drone care
- Hive guarding
- Climate control
- Storing/use of nectar, pollen, propolis
- Nectar
- Wax production
- Honey production
- Pollen
- Proteins for brood food
- Water
- Hydration
- Climate control
- Plant resins (propolis = sealant = antimicrobial) – bee glue